Thinkering, Making, Sharing, and Reflecting (TMSR) Model
The TMSR instructional design model with four "Ons" can be used to create effective online learning environments with collaborative project-based learning (PBL) activities that help facilitate student engagement and connection. The four stages in the TMSR instructional design model guide instructors' lesson planning for creating and implementing online collaborative PBL. The four stages do not have to be completed in a specific sequence, and the reflection component may happen at the end of each stage.
Thinkering—a term created by combining the words "thinking" and "tinkering"—refers to thinking and brainstorming through tinkering
Making is the process of creating artifacts—from design and planning to creation. It can be structured (with step-by-step instructions) or unstructured (with broader goals or objectives).
Sharing is a process in which team members discuss and communicate their ideas and find and discuss optimal solutions.
Reflecting is a process in which team members describe their learning and explore how it has changed and how it might relate to future learning experiences.
How to cite the TMSR Instructional Design Model:
Thinkering—a term created by combining the words "thinking" and "tinkering"—refers to thinking and brainstorming through tinkering
Making is the process of creating artifacts—from design and planning to creation. It can be structured (with step-by-step instructions) or unstructured (with broader goals or objectives).
Sharing is a process in which team members discuss and communicate their ideas and find and discuss optimal solutions.
Reflecting is a process in which team members describe their learning and explore how it has changed and how it might relate to future learning experiences.
How to cite the TMSR Instructional Design Model:
- An, H., & Sung, W. (2024). The Thinkering, Making, Sharing, and Reflecting (TMSR) model: An instructional design model for online collaborative project-based learning. Educause Review. https://er.educause.edu/articles/2024/2/thinkering-making-sharing-and-reflecting-a-model-for-online-collaborative-project-based-learning
- An, H., Sung, W., & Yoon, S.Y. (2022). Hands-on, minds-on, hearts-on, social-on: A collaborative maker project integrating arts in a synchronous online environment for teachers. TechTrends, 66(4), 590–606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-022-00740-x
